Poster Presentation Australian Society for Microbiology Annual Scientific Meeting 2014

Induction and genomic characterization of Gordonia alkanivorans prophage GAL1 (#242)

Zoe A Dyson 1 , Teagan L Brown 1 , Steve Petrovski , Joseph Tucci 1 , Robert J Seviour 1
  1. La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia

Over 120 lytic bacteriophages have been isolated that are infective for members of the Mycolata, a group of hydrophobic, Gram positive, filamentous bacteria including members of the genera Corynebacterium, Gordonia, Tsukamurella, Dietzia, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, and Skermania.  The Mycolata are the etiological agents of activated sludge foaming, a problem that causes a number of issues in wastewater treatment systems worldwide including increased maintenance costs, decreased operator safety and poor quality effluent.  While lytic phages for the Mycolata have been studied in detail for their potential use in foam bio-control, very little is known about the distribution, functionality, and genomics of temperate Mycolata phages.  In silico studies using Mycolata whole genome sequence data retrieved from the GenBank database predicted that functional and defective prophages for them exist, and appear to be widely distributed.  These studies also predicted the presence of phage GAL1 in the genome sequence of Gordonia alkanivorans (NBRC 16433), which could then be induced using Mitomycin C at a concentration of 10 μg/mL demonstrating that this prophage is complete and functional.  GAL1 is the first prophage induced from a member of the genus Gordonia. It is a member of the order Caudovirales as Illumina whole genome sequence data revealed a novel, circularly permuted, dsDNA genome of 49,979 bp in length, with a G+C content of 64 % mol.  The genome of GAL1 has a modular architecture encoding 83 putative ORFs, 21 of which were functionally annotated, revealing two different putative DNA methyltransferase genes suggesting that this phage might be capable of evading host restriction-modification systems. Further studies are required to elucidate the true diversity of temperate Mycolata phages, as well as any role these might have in horizontal gene transfer, as well as any resistance these might confer to lytic phages considered for used in foam bio-control.