Cell-cell communication mediated by secreted vesicles as exosomes (20 to 400 nm) or micro-vesicles (up to the microscale) is an emerging field in malaria1 . To date, little is known about the cargo and function of the vesicles released by malaria-infected red blood cells. In this work, we reveal the molecular content of P. falciparum exosomes, which are composed of proteins and nucleic acid molecules. Proteomics mass-spectrometry profiling followed by SDS-PAGE, protein staining and immunoblotting identified approximately 80 parasite proteins associated with protein traffic and export, invasion to the host cell, immune response and a large group of cytosolic enzymes. We demonstrate, for the first time, that exosomes from malaria-infected red blood cells harbor parasite’s nuclear, mitochondrial and apicoplast DNA. This was confirmed by several techniques including second generation sequencing. We also show that these exosomes, in contrast to exosomes from non-infected cells, selectively incorporate a population of microRNAs. Yet, whether the transferred microRNAs modulate host-parasite or parasite-parasite interactions remains unclear. Furthermore, advanced morphological characterization by cryo-electron microscopy has revealed discrete exosome sizes (50, 100, 200 and 300 nm) as well as multi-membrane exosomal entities. Together, this study describes the malarial exosomes biochemical and physical constitution. These data shed new light towards understanding the signalling pathways promoting parasite survival in one of the most deadly human diseases.